Saturday, June 6, 2009

Anatomy of a Fern


Life Cycle of a Fern
















Wednesday, May 27, 2009

Goldie's Wood Fern


Dryopteris goldiana
Dryopteridaceae

Goldie's Wood Fern is rare in Connecticut; it is listed as a species of special concern. This is the largest of the native wood ferns, reaching 4’ under ideal conditions. It is a stately and slowly spreading groundcover, forming large clusters of graceful arching fronds. Named for Scottish botanist John Goldie, its fronds are green without a hint of gold.

Royal Fern



Osmunda regalis
Osmundaceae

This gracefully cascading fern is beautiful in all stages of growth. In proper conditions, Osmunda regalis forms a three-foot, vase-shaped clump. The young unfurling fiddleheads begin chartreuse in color then turn a rich emerald green as the season progresses. Fertile spores form attractive panicles of rich cinnamon brown. The Royal Fern prefers damp conditions and rich organic soils. This fern can even be grown in full sun if planted near water.

Oak Fern


Gymnocarpium dryopteris
Dryopteridaceae


The Oak fern is easily identified by its small, delicate, triangular fronds, which are usually held nearly horizontal. It is found in rocky, acidic soil in moist woodland environments.

Marsh Fern


Thelypteris palustris
Thelypteridaceae

This is a very common fern in wet, sunny areas. It can be found inhabiting the moist edges of wetland areas. Fertile fronds, 18-24 inches in height, have leaf edges that are slightly rolled over the spore-bearing sori. These rolled edges distinguish the Marsh Fern from its relative Massachusetts Fern.

Maidenhair Fern


Adiantum pedatum
Pteridaceae

Just 18 inches tall, the Maidenhair Fern is the daintiest of all native ferns. The graceful fan-like fronds have wiry black stems, which wave in the wind. It does best in filtered light and well-drained, cool soil. Adequate moisture is needed to keep the frilly fronds in perfect shape during the growing season. This fern spreads fairly slowly by branching rhizomes and forms large colonies. Its delicate texture looks most beautiful when paired with broad leaf plants in the garden.

Long Beech Fern


Phegopteris connectilis (Thelypteris phegopteris)
Thelypteridaceae

The 6-10 inch fronds of the Beech Fern are shaped like arrowheads, with the lowest pair of leaflets pointing out on a diagonal. They can be found in rich, moist woodland environments.

Lady Fern


Athyrium filix-femina
Dryopteridaceae

This Lady Fern is fine and delicate in appearance, yet so hardy and tolerant. The lacy three-foot fronds of this sophisticated species unfurl celery green in full or partial shade then turn darker as the season progresses. The fronds are long, tapering, and beautifully symmetrical, with a delicate look that belies their tough-as-nails constitution and reliability. The lacy architectural fronds make superb additions to any border, bed, or even containers. The Lady Fern is easy to grow, making this a good fern for beginners. It does best in shady conditions with moist soil.

Bulbet Fern


Cystopteris bulbifera
Dryopteridaceae

Bulblet fern fronds are long and narrow, tapering very gradually to the tip. They inhabit shaded limestone-rich cliffs & outcroppings. Bulblet Fern gets its name from the green bulblets that form on the underside of the leaves. The bulblets drop off and grow into new ferns which will mature to 12-30 inches in height.